Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are the leading causes of liver cancer and cirrhosis. In Europe, it is estimated that about 14 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus and nine million people with the hepatitis C virus. Migrants from endemic areas are particularly at risk and the conditions represent a substantial health burden among nearly all migrant groups in Europe. For migrants, transmission of hepatitis B is primarily from mother to child at birth and in early childhood, and primarily through blood transfusions in the past and unsafe injections for hepatitis C. Both conditions are mostly asymptomatic and remain undetected for many years. Awareness among those at risk and the general public is low, making case detection a challenge. Antiviral treatment exists for both hepatitis B and C, slowing progression, delaying the onset of cirrhosis and reducing the risk of liver cancer. However, awareness among professionals about treatment options is generally low. Treatment of eligible patients can prevent a considerable part of the hepatitis-related burden of disease and death and reduce inequalities in health. Systematic prevention and control among these often underserved migrant groups has long been neglected. Aim: To assess, describe and communicate to public health professionals the tools and conditions necessary for implementing successful screening programmes for hepatitis B and C in migrants in the European Union.
