Reports on Gender: The Law of Inclusion & Practices of Exclusion

The first part, of the report “Law of Inclusion”, investigates how the concept of gender is enshrined in international human rights law (IHRL) and concludes that gender identity and expression are protected thereunder, and that gen- der-based approaches and intersectionality provide a sharp lens for analysing the root causes of violence and discrimination based on SOGI. They enable the analysis of multiple asymmetries of power, deriving from how sex is understood within society, including those that feed violence and discrimination against women in all their diversity.

The second part, “Practices of Exclusion”, analyses backlash against the incorporation of gender frame- works in IHRL. It concludes that exclusionary narratives and actions related to gender and gender identity exploit preconceptions, stigma and prejudice, creating risks for the rights of all women (including lesbian, bisex- ual and trans women) and contributing to the perpetua- tion of violence and discrimination based on SOGI.